CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT | Modern History

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 CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Constitutional Development of India ~ All e Knowledge

Regulating Act (1773)

Regulating Act of 1773 > GK Rankers

  • The Governor of Bengal was elevated to the position the Governor-General of Bengal.
  • The Parliament got the right to intervene in the affairs the company. The end of dual administration.
  • A Supreme Court was set-up at Calcutta headed by Elijah Impey.

 Pitt's India Act of 1784 > GK Rankers

 

Pitts India Act (1784)

  • The act established six commissioners for the affairs of India.
  • This body known as the Board of Control was to exercise an effective control over the Board of Directors who possessed the charge of the administration of the company.

 

 

Charter Act of 1793-Indian History Notes For W.B.C.S Examination

The Charter Act (1793)

The power Board of Control were concentrated in hands of the President, who virtually became the Cabinet e powers of Board of Control were concentrated in the The Minister for India.
 

 

The Charter Act (1813)

Charter Act of 1813 - Wikipedia

  • The act abolished the monopoly of the company in India except in the field of tea. Indian trade was thrown open to all the British merchants.
  • The act laid down the undoubted sovereignty of the crown in and over the possessions of the company.

 

Charter Act of 1833 | HISTORY FOR EXAM

The Charter Act (1833)

  • The act abolished the trading activities of the company and hence forth, it became a purely administrative body.
  • The Governor-General of Bengal was designated as the Governor-General of India.
  • William Bentinck thus became the first Governor-General of India

     

The Charter Act (1853)

Study Structure - "CHARTER ACT 1853" All detail | Facebook

  • The number of directors were reduced and the power of patronage was taken away from them by intimiting and open competitive examination for the recruitment of civil servants.
  • The approval of the crown was made necessary for all appointments of councillors, both central and provincial.

Government of India Act (1858)

    The Government of India Act 1858, एक छलावे के सिवा और कुछ नहीं - Open Naukri

  • As a result the Sepoy Mutiny, the power to govern was transferred from the East India Company to the British crown.
  • The Governor General was given the title Viceroy. He represented Secretary of State, was assisted by an Executive Council which consisted of high officials of the government.
  • The viceroy's status was increasingly reduced to a subordinate authority in relation to the British Government in matters of policy as well as execution of policy.

Indian Council Act (1861)

  • Provincial Legislative Council introduced. Council of Governor is known as Imperial Legislative Council.
  • Non-official (Indians) were added and portfolio system was introduced.
  • High Courts (1865) established (High Court Act, 1861)

Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)

  • The Morley-Minto Reforms or the Indian Council Act, 1909. Separate electorate for Muslims.
  • Indirect election (non-official members who are indirectly elected). They can discuss the budget and also cross questioning can be done.

Government of India Act or Montague-Chelmsford Reforms (1919)

  • A bicameral legislature at the centre. Right to Vote to women.
  • Dyarchy in the provinces which unlike its dictionary meaning had two subjects: Transferred and Reserved.
  • Separate electorates were further extended to Sikh in the Punjab and non-Brahmins in Madras.

Government of India Act (1935)

The Government of India Act, 1935 was an Act adapted from the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It originally received royal assent in August 1935. It was the longest Act of (British) Parliament ever enacted until Greater London Authority Act 1999 surpassed it. Because of its length, the Act was retroactively split by the Government of India Act, 1935 into two separate Acts:

  • The Government of India Act, 1935, having 321 sections and 10 schedules.
  • The Government of Burma Act, 1935 having 159 sections and 6 schedules.

The Act led to:

  • Separation of Burma from British India, effective from 1 April 1937.
  • Establishment of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
  • Establishment of the Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC), a Provincial Public Service Commission (PPSC) in each province, and the JPSC.
  • Creation of the Federal Court in 1937.
  • Bicameralism in 6 provinces (Bombay, Madras, Bengal, Bihar, Assam and United Provinces) out of 11 provinces.

The Indian Independence Act (July, 1947)

  • The act provided for setting up of two independent dominions, to be known as India and Pakistan from 15th August, 1947.
  • The territories of the dominion of India would include the whole British India exclusive of the territories consisting Pakistan.
  • The legislature of each dominion would have full power to make laws for that dominion.
  • With effect from 15th August, 1947, the British Government would cease to have any responsibility for the Government of British. India and all treaties and agreements between his majesty's government and the rulers of Indian states.

 

 

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