Indus Valley Civilisation |How The Indus Valley Civilisation is started | Ancient History

 

How The Indus Valley Civilisation is started you will Know Here in detail

✅The Indus valley civilization is firstly called as the Harappan civilization, because earliest excavations in the Indus valley were done at Harappa in the West Punjab and Mohenjo-Daro in Sindh. Both places are located in Pakistan now.

✅The Harappan culture matured in Sind and Punjab. It spread from there to Southwards and Eastwards. The total spread of this civilisation was bigger than Egypt and Mesopotamia.

✅But this civilisation was later named as the Indus Civilisation due to the discovery of more and more sites far from the Indus valley.

✅Among the many other sites excavated during the Harappan civilisation, the most important are Kot Dizi in Sindh, Kalibangan in Rajasthan, Ropar in Punjab, Banawali in Haryana, Lothal, Surkotada and Dholavira in Gujarat.

✅Mohenjodaro is the largest of all the Indus valley cities and it is estimated to have spread over an area of 200 hectares.

 

 

Town Planning

 

✅The Indus civilisation was distinguished by its system of town planning on the lines of the grid system (streets and lanes Cutting across one another almost at right angles).

✅Harappa, Mohenjodaro and Kalibangan each had its own citadel built on a high podium of mud brick.

✅Below the citadel, a lower township were built containing brick houses for common people.

✅The underground drainage system connecting all houses to the street drains whi1ch were covered by stone slabs or bricks.

 

Economic Life

 

✅There was a great progress in all spheres of economic activity such as agriculture, industry and crafts and trade during the Indus civilisation. They practiced barter system for exchange.

✅Wheat and barley were the main crops grown besides sesame, mustard and cotton. Surplus grain was stored in granaries.

✅Pottery remains plain and, in some places, red and black painted pottery is found. Beads were manufactured from a wide variety of semi-precious Stones.

✅Painted pottery is of better quality. The pictorial motifs consisted of geometrical patterns like horizontal lines, circles, leaves, plants and trees. On some pottery pieces we find figures of fish or peacock.

✅The seals and the terracotta models of the Indus valley reveal the use of bullock carts and oxen for land transport and boats and ships for river and sea transport.

✅The Harappan crafts display an impressive level of standardisation. Kenoyer has suggested that state control may have been responsible for such a high level of standardisation in craft.